Arrangement of valves for hydraulic engines



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JOHN D. HEA'ION, OF DIXON, ILLINOIS.

ARRANGEMENT 0Fl VALVES FOR HYDRAULIC ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Ijatent No. 14,627, dated April 8, 1856.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, JOHN D. HEATON, of the town of Dixon, in the county of Lee and State of Illinois, have invented a new and Improved Engine for the Purpose of Moving Machinery by Water-Power; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of my invention consists in the construction and arrangement of pipes and valves in connection with a cylinder, so that, a piston is made to pass backward and forward in such cylinder, in a similar manner to the working pistons of ordinary steam engines, the weight of water being used as a. motor, in place of steam; the eduction pipe acting upon the principle of the siphon. The engine may be placed above the fountain and act entirely on the siphon principle, or may be placed at any desired point below the fountain, in which case the water in the induction pipe presses directly upon the piston, and the weight of the discharge water in the eduction pipe tends to form a vacuum on opposite sides of pistons; consequently the column of water in the induction pipe is pressed in addition to its own weight by the weight of the atmosphere. I use the force obtained; by means of piston rod and shackle bar, crank and fly wheel, to propel machinery of any description -in the usual manner.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

I construct my cylinder in any of the known forms, and insert the ordinary piston, piston rod, &c.; in place of the ordinary side pipes, and steam chest used in steam engines, I construct large semicircular chambers as shown at A, B, the chambers being separated by the partitions O, D, Figure 2. I then fix a. semicircular` partition in the cham bers A and B, as shown at E, E. These pary titions are placed at a distance from the circular side of the chambers, thus forming the circular side compartments G H I, Fig. 3. Within the chambers C D, Fig. 2, I arrange a divisional casing,or circumferential diaphragm E, E, E, E, Fig. 3, and as shown in sectional view Fig. 2. At proper intervals, around the casing E E, I form suitable openings to answer as vents or outlets, as at a, a, a, a., b, b, Z), Z), Fig. 3. Within this inside casing, I arrange a band of metal T T, Fig. 2, circular in shape, and slightly less in circumference and diameter than the casing E E. This circular band, I perforate with suitable openings o-r vents c, c, c, similar to the openings a, a, a, a, Z), 7), Z). This circular band I attach to suitable arms g g, F 3, attached to a suitable axle c, e, Fig. 2. This axle e, e, I arrange to work in suitable bearings or journal boxes f, f, being suiliciently packed to work free enough therein, without allowing any escape of water, and thus I produce what I term a pendent, oscillating compound valve device, as shown complete in the sectional view Fig. 2. It must be olo-` served, that, I employ no packing in the application and use of my peculiar arrangement, of valve device, and consequently there is less amount of friction in the working thereof, which Aadmits of a considerable economy o-f power.

In the construction of my peculiar valve device, it is essential, that the openings or vents c, c, c, c, c, c, in the circular bands T, T, must not be arranged opposite in a line with each other but, so as to admit of the alternate opening and closing of the vents, formed in the diaphragms or inner casings E, E, and the operation of the valve devices is as follows.

In Fig. 2, which is an end or transverse sectional view, t-he let-ter J, indicates an induction or supply pipe, opening into the valve chamber O, C, Figs. 1 and 2. Through this pipe J, Hows a column or volume of water, which forcing its way through the vents c, c, c, c, of the band T, chamber C, O, forces its way downward into the compartment Q Fig. 2 and passing around and upward in the direction of G2, Fig. l, enters the port N, communicating with the cylinder L, and thence acts on the front of the piston head of the cylinder, which recedes backward toward the opposite end of the cylinder, and in this movement of the piston and its'connecting rod their motion acts on the wheel R, to which is attached the slotted rod j, Fig. 1, which actuates the valves T, T, Fig. 2. The valves in the chamber C, O, being closed as the piston moves backward, while the valves of the opposite chamber D, D, are opened to afford the escape of exhaust water which passes out through the eduction pipe or vent K,

Fig. 2. As the motion of the flow of the volume of water is in the direction of G2, toward the` port N, Fig. l, the water accumulating in the cylinder L, drives the piston backward as before stated, and passes out across the inside of the cylinder, L, and escapes through a p ort opposite to N, Fig. l, downward into a compartment chamber similar to G2, and opposite thereto as at I, Fig. 2.

In Fig. l, the piston head is back to its required distance now in order to return it to its former position ther volume of water passes upward in the direction of G, and entering the port M, acts on the back part of the piston head, driving it forward to its former position at X, Fig. l, and the volume of water after being spent flows out of the port O, opposite to the inlet port M, and passes downward and through the compartment similar, and opposite to the compartinent G', which spent water escapes out through the eduction pipe or siphonic tube K, Fig. 2.

It is necessary to state that the water chests or chambers C, C', D, D, Fig. 2, are each composed of two divisions or compartments shown and indicated by d, Fig. 3, and the object and utility of these compartments are to cause the volume of water which enters the induction pipe J, to alternately act through the ports M, N, Fig. l, as the band of the pendant valve in the chamber C, C', Fig. 2, has the orifices or vents c, c, c, c, so situated that while the openings a, a, a, c, are closed, the openings I), b, are open; thus the volume of water in the water chests or chamber, C', C', does not operate, or flow through the compartments or divisions E, H, F, G, Fig. 8 in both directions simultaneously. The motion of the volume of water is similar in the compartment of the water chest or chamber D, I), to the motion in the chest C, C, Fig. 2.

In the diagram Fig. 2, is shown a lever arm i2 attached to the rocking axle or shaft e e, and attached to the lever arm 712, is a slotted connection rod J, the slot W, of which, works on a wrist pin S, inserted in the side of the gear wheel R, working in a driving wheel P. The wrist pin S, is so attached to the wheel P, that when the crank pin V, arrives at the dead point, the said wrist pin S, will'be at a similar point.

The length of the slot IV, must be less than the diameter of the wheel R, so that the wrist pins in moving within the slot, IV, may move the rod J, backward and forward, and through the intervention of this slotted rod, connected to the lever armi2 the valves T T, in the water chests or chambers C, C, D, D, Fig. 2, are caused merely to swing or vibrate backward and forward instead of revolving, or describing a circle.

The operation of this engine is such that if a head of water be put in communication with pipe J, the chamber A is filled, and the hydrostatic pressure forces the water through ports b b, and through pipe H N into the cylinder L, the pressure on the piston, acting on the well known principle of the Brahmah press causes said piston to move toward the opposite end of the cyln der, and gives a rotary motion to the spur wheels I), and R; but when the crank is near the dead point the wrist S, comes in Contact with the head of the slant W, in the rod j; which giving motion by lever i to rock shaft e, e, the valves move sufliciently to close the ports Z b, and simultaneously uncovering ports a, a, which permit the water to pass through G, N, into cylinder L. The water first admitted into cylinder L, now passes out through O, I, Fig. 2, into chamber B, and is discharged through pipe K.

The advantages of my invention over all other engines of similar purpose, are first, the peculiar construction of the chambers C, C, and D D give the largest po-ssible space for the valves, and ports; and the semicircular form of the side chambers give the least possible impediment to the rapid flow of the water; the simple arrangement of the eductic-n pipe, which if carried downward any distance less than thirty feet, will propel the machinery of itself, even though the engine should be placed above the fountains; working on the well known principle of the siphons, care being taken to have all the parts perfectly air tight.

What I claim as new and original with myself and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is- 1. The construction, use and application of the swinging or vibrating band valve devices T, T, c, c, c, c hung on, or attached to an aXle or shaft c, c, and operated by the slotted connection rod J, WV, and wrist pin S as set forth.

2. I also claim in combination with the said valves the construction and arrangement of the water chests on the chambers C', C, D D, the compartment F, G, E, H,

with the pipes J, K, substantially as described.

J OI-IN D. HEATON.

'Vitnesses:

J oHN M. VAN ORDEL, WILLIAM H. ARNOLD. 

